Infertility in males is a problem that has increased, mainly due to pathological alterations. However, 34-40% of cases are due to idiopathic infertility, related to exposure to toxic agents in the environment such as cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal derived from anthropogenic activities. Cd is linked to a decrease in...
The epididymis, a testosterone-dependent organ responsible for sperm maturation, has been shown to be damage as an organism is aging due to a decrease in testosterone serum levels, leading to an impact on sperm quality. In this context, it is not clear if sperm undergo apoptosis (a type of programmed...
