Alterations in the immune-neuroendocrine system contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, characterized by defects in the immune response. SLE affects females in the reproductive stage, so that it is related to hormones, as prolactin (PRL). Increased levels of serum PRL have...
Reactive oxygen species are the most reactive molecules that, among other characteristics, have different half-lives, cellular concentrations, and reaction targets. They are present in different compartments and react with different gradients of molecules in the cell. In particular, proteins can react with almost all oxygen radicals present in the cell,...